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Media Microservices Terminology

This page provides a standardized set of terms and definitions, focused on media microservices. This document and the associated schema provide a single source for terms and definitions used in SMPTE documents focused on Media Microservices. Figure 1 shows a hierarchical representation of the terms defined in this document, using a Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) taxonomic arrangement, with the narrower terms branching off of their related broader terms.

Terminology Overview

Terms included in this release have emerged from the other working groups of the OSA, have been included as a seeding exercise for this first release, or are included for the sake of completeness of a particular conceptual group. The glossary was created using SKOS (the W3C-created Simple Knowledge Organization System), which provides an inherent structure that includes broader, narrower, and related concepts, alternative labels, and scope notes, as well as allowing for definitions. It has been produced here in flat alphabetical form. (See figure below for an illustration of the organization of concepts in their original broader/narrower terms hierarchy.)  Not all acronyms included in the glossary will have a definition: those without a definition are included because they feature in OSA specifications or other definitions and it is generally good practice to provide the long form of acronyms and abbreviations, but no further description was deemed necessary.  (Acronyms are noted within Scope Notes.)

Some concepts will have no OSA definition: where there was an existing definition produced by another standards body that served OSA’s needs, only that is included. On the other hand, some concepts have multiple definitions, e.g., from OSA, NIST, and ISO.  This is because the differing emphasis or nuance was seen as helpful in supporting understanding.  Only definitions that are broadly in-line with the OSA understanding of a term are included.  Generally, the OSA has aimed to make its definitions very concise and other definitions may provide more detail. Some concepts have an OSA vocabulary group definition only.  For these terms we could not find an appropriate existing definition generated by a standards body. Some concepts have two OSA definitions.  This happens where one definition is quoted from an OSA-produced specification (now or soon to be submitted to SMPTE), and another – usually a more general one – has emerged from the work of the Vocabulary Group.  There will be a process to examine both definitions and determine whether they should be reconciled into one, or if there is a good case for them both to persist.

  • Application


    Alternative Labels: App, Application Program, Application Software, Application System, Software Application, Software Application Program

    Definition: Software designed to help users perform particular tasks or handle particular types of problems, as distinct from software that controls the computer itself. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021. Software or a program that is specific to the solution of an application problem. ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, Systems and software engineering — Vocabulary, 3.192: application software System for collecting, saving, processing, and presenting data by means of a computer. The term application is generally used when referring to a component of software that can be executed. The terms application and software application are often used synonymously. NISTIR 7695, Common Platform Enumeration: Naming Specification Version 2.3, 2011 Software making requests and receiving responses using the API Note 1 to entry: Multiple applications may communicate via the API. Originating OSA Specification: SMPTE ST-2125:202x, IMF Registration Service API (Terms and Definitions). Link to Public Committee Draft (PCD): https://github.com/SMPTE/st2125



    Related Concepts: API
  • Application Programming Interface

    Acronym: API


    Definition: Method for exposing services and data through an advertised programming interface. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021.



  • Architecture


    Alternative Labels: Software Architecture

    Definition: High-level modeling describing the structure and behavior of a given system, comprising components and the connections between them. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021. The fundamental concepts or properties of a system in its environment embodied in its elements, relationships, and in the principles of its design and evolution. NIST SP 800-160, Volume 1, Systems Security Engineering: Considerations for a Multidisciplinary Approach in the Engineering of Trustworthy Secure Systems, 2018, after ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010: 2011, Systems and software engineering — Architecture description, 3.2.

    Broader Concepts: Architecture

    Narrower Concepts: Architectural Layer, Event-Driven Architecture, Rule-Based Architecture, Zero-Trust Architecture

  • Architectural Layer



    Definition: One of the components of an architectural model that is organized into several stacked and interrelated parts, each with its own focus and function, with defined relationships between layers. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021.

    Broader Concepts: Architecture


  • as-a-service

    Acronym: aaS

    Alternative Labels: Anything-as-a-Service, Everything-as-a-Service, XaaS

    Definition: A business and provisioning model wherein various computing and data storage resources are hosted by a third party and made available on a subscription or on-demand basis. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021.


    Narrower Concepts: Function-as-a-Service, Infrastructure-as-a-Service, Platform-as-a-Service, Software-as-a-Service

    Related Concepts: Cloud Computing, Cloud Deployment Model, Serverless Computing
  • Base Environment


    Alternative Labels: MCMA Environment, Media Services Environment, Minimum Media Services Environment; Non-preferred Labels: MCMA Core, MCMA Project

    Definition: A minimum media processing environment that includes two core services: a registry and a job processor, and any additional services required to perform assigned tasks. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021, based on the model developed by MCMA. An MCMA [environment] comprises a grouping of several discrete logical parts known as "services." MCMA: https://mcma.io/concepts/mcma-project.html (modified).


    Narrower Concepts: Job Processor Registry

  • Cloud, The


    Alternative Labels: Cloud

    Definition: A collection of networked remote servers. ISO 20294:2018, Graphic technology — Quantification and communication for calculating the carbon footprint of e-media. Remote networked server infrastructure used for storage, processing and/or services and accessed via TCP/IP and related internet protocols.



    Related Concepts: TCP/IP
  • Cloud Computing



    Definition: A general term for the provision of hosted services. Also used to differentiate processing or workflows enacted within the cloud from simple storage. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021. A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. NIST SP 800-145, The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing, 2011. A paradigm for enabling network access to a scalable and elastic pool of shareable physical or virtual resources with self-service provisioning and administration on-demand. ISO/IEC 17788:2014, Information technology — Cloud computing — Overview and vocabulary, 3.25.



    Related Concepts: as-a-Service, Serverless Computing
  • Cloud Deployment Module


    Alternative Labels: Cloud

    Definition: The utilization of some configuration of hosted computing resources and infrastructure. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021. Ways in which cloud computing can be organized based on the control and sharing of physical or virtual resources. ISO/IEC 22123-1: Information technology — Cloud computing —Part 1: Vocabulary, 3.3.1.

    Broader Concepts: Deployment Model

    Narrower Concepts: Hybrid Cloud, Multi-Cloud, Private Cloud, Public Cloud

    Related Concepts: as-a-Service
  • Deployment Model



    Definition: A model of how an application is mapped to a distributed deployment network. ISO/IEC 16500-8:1999, Information technology — Generic digital audio-visual systems — Part 8: Management architecture and protocols, 3.7 (modified). The specification or description of how software components should be (or are) mapped onto physical hardware, be that provided locally, virtualized, or hosted. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021 .


    Narrower Concepts: Cloud Deployment Model, Hybrid Deployment Model, On-Premises Deployment Model

  • End Point


    Alternative Labels: Endpoint

    Definition: An association between a binding and a network address, specified by a URI, that may be used to communicate with an instance of a service. An end point indicates a specific location for accessing a service using a specific protocol and data format. W3C Web Services Glossary, 2004: w3.org/TR/ws-gloss/#sendpoint. Software receiving requests and providing responses via an API.



  • Entity Tag


    Alternative Labels: ETag

    Definition: An opaque validator for differentiating between multiple representations of the same resource, regardless of whether those multiple representations are due to resource state changes over time, content negotiation resulting in multiple representations being valid at the same time, or both. An entity-tag consists of an opaque quoted string, possibly prefixed by a weakness indicator. IETF RFC 7232: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests, June 2014.



  • Event-Driven Architecture



    Definition: A computing model wherein work is performed in response to specified occurrences or state changes that serve as triggers, automatically initiating designated actions or functions. Originating OSA Specification: Microservice Status Reporting and Logging

    Broader Concepts: Architecture


    Related Concepts: Function, Function-as-a-Service, Rule-Based Architecture
  • Function



    Definition: A single-purpose, short-lived, granular unit of code that runs only in response to specified triggers.



    Related Concepts: Event-Driven Architecture, Function-as-a-Service, Serverless Computing
  • Function-as-a-Service

    Acronym: FaaS


    Definition: A category of cloud computing services that allows the creation of very granular tasks (functions) as small, self-contained pieces of code that can be concatenated together in a rule-based, event-driven architecture to perform automated processes. Originating OSA Specification: Microservice Status Reporting and Logging

    Broader Concepts: as-a-Service


    Related Concepts: Event-Driven Architecture, Function, Rule-Based Architecture, Serverless Computing
  • Hybrid Cloud



    Definition: A category of computing services that is made up of both private and public cloud resources. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021. A composition of at least two distinct cloud infrastructures [typically private and public] that remain unique entities, but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability. NIST SP 800-145, The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing, 2011 (modified). Cloud deployment model using at least two different cloud deployment models. ISO/IEC 17788: Information technology — Cloud computing — Overview and vocabulary, Section 3.2.23

    Broader Concepts: Cloud Deployment Model


    Related Concepts: Public Cloud, Private Cloud
  • Hybrid Deployment Model


    Alternative Labels: Hybrid

    Definition: The utilization of some combination of hosted, on-premises, and/or virtualized computing resources and infrastructure. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021.

    Broader Concepts: Deployment Model


  • Idempotent



    Definition: An interaction that returns identical results when invoked with identical parameters regardless of the number of times invoked. Originating OSA Specification: IMF Registration



  • Infrastructure-as-a-Service

    Acronym: HaaS, IaaS

    Alternative Labels: Hardware-as-a-Service

    Definition: A category of computing services that provides infrastructural components such as servers, storage, and network as virtualized resources. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021. The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, and deployed applications; and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls). NIST SP 800-145, The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing, 2011.

    Broader Concepts: as-a-Service


  • Interoperability



    Definition: The ability of two or more systems or applications to exchange information and to mutually use the information that has been exchanged. NIST SP 500- XXX : The NIST Cloud Federation Reference Architecture, 2019 (Draft), Appendix A, Cloud Federation Terms and Definitions.



  • JavaScript Object Notation

    Acronym: JSON


    Definition: A lightweight, text-based, language-independent data-interchange format used to represent structured data. OSA: Microservice Status Reporting and Logging (SMPTE ST 2126:202x), Terms and Definitions, 3.5.



  • Job



    Definition: A unit of work that may be performed by a stored set of processes within a service-based media environment. Originating OSA Specification: Microservice Status Reporting and Logging



    Related Concepts: Base Environment, Job Processor, Job Profile Repository, MCMA
  • Job Assignment


    Alternative Labels: JobAssignment, MCMA Job Assignment

    Definition: The allocation of a given job to the service(s) capable of fulfilling it within a base environment. Each instance will be associated with a URL identifier in the executing service. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021.

    Broader Concepts: Job Processor


  • Job Execution


    Alternative Labels: JobExecution, MCMA Job Execution

    Definition: The performance of a job within a base environment. Each instance will be associated with a URL identifier in the job processor. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021.

    Broader Concepts: Job Processor


    Related Concepts: Base Environment
  • Job Processor


    Alternative Labels: JobProcessor, MCMA Job Processor

    Definition: A service used to manage and act as a repository for jobs: it receives service requests; allocates them to the appropriate job profiles and capabilities listed within the registry; assigns identifiers; and monitors and stores execution status via log entries. One of the required components of a base environment. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021, based on MCMA documentation.

    Broader Concepts: Base Environment

    Narrower Concepts: Job Assignment, Job Execution, Log, Status Reporting, Tracker

    Related Concepts: Job MCMA
  • Job Profile



    Definition: A template describing the operation(s) performed by a job and the expected input and output parameters. Stored in the job profile repository with an associated URL and retrievable with an HTTP GET request. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021.

    Broader Concepts: Job Profile Repository


  • Job Profile Repository


    Alternative Labels: MCMA Job Profile Repository

    Definition: The library of job profiles available for re-use within the service registry of the base environment. The job profiles utilize capabilities stored within the service repository when implemented. OSA Working Group, June 2021.

    Broader Concepts: Registry

    Narrower Concepts: Job Profile

    Related Concepts: Job
  • Log


    Alternative Labels: Job Log, MCMA Log

    Definition: A record of statuses collected during job execution within a base environment and stored within a job processor. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021. A record of statuses collected during job execution. OSA: Microservice Status Reporting and Logging (SMPTE ST 2126:202x), Terms and Definitions, 3.7.

    Broader Concepts: Job Processor


    Related Concepts: Base Environment
  • Media Cloud Microservice Architecture

    Acronym: MCMA


    Definition: A set of patterns and practices used to govern the implementation of micro-service architectures in cross-cloud and/or hybrid environments, with a particular focus on the needs of media workflows. MCMA Website, https://tech.ebu.ch/groups/mcma. An initiative of the EBU Technology and Innovation group that provides a base set of patterns and practices to govern the implementation of microservice architectures in cross-cloud and/or hybrid environments, with a particular focus on the allocation of tasks to services within media workflows. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021, based on MCMA documentation.



    Related Concepts: Base Environment, EBU, Job, Job Processor, Job Repository, Registry
  • Microservice


    Alternative Labels: micro-service

    Definition: A basic element that results from the architectural decomposition of an application’s components into loosely coupled patterns consisting of self-contained services that communicate with each other using a standard communications protocol and a set of well-defined APIs, independent of any vendor, product or technology. NIST SP 800-180: NIST Definition of Microservices, Application Containers and System Virtual Machines, 2016 (Draft). A modular service-based capability that handles a narrow task and is managed in isolation. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021.



  • Multi-Cloud


    Alternative Labels: Cross-Cloud, Intercloud, Interconnected Cloud, Multicloud, Multi-cloud, Multiple Clouds

    Definition: Provisioning cloud resources from multiple cloud providers. NIST SP 500- XXX : The NIST Cloud Federation Reference Architecture (Draft). The use of services from multiple cloud service providers, typically to provide vendor redundancy and/or to provide a mix of services optimized to the capabilities of each vendor. Likely to present interoperability and portability challenges. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021.

    Broader Concepts: Cloud Deployment Model


  • On-Premises Deployment Model


    Alternative Labels: On-Prem, On-Prem Deployment Model, On-Premise, On-Premise Deployment Model, On-Premises, Onprem, Onprem Deployment Model

    Definition: The utilization of on-site or in-house provisioned and managed computing resources and infrastructure. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021.

    Broader Concepts: Deployment Model


  • Platform-as-a-Service

    Acronym: PaaS


    Definition: A category of computing services that provides an environment for the development and/or deployment of applications. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021. The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages, libraries, services, and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly configuration settings for the application-hosting environment. NIST SP 800-145: The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing, 2011.

    Broader Concepts: as-a-Service


  • Portability



    Definition: The ability to move an object from one system to another without the loss of functionality. NIST SP 500- XXX : The NIST Cloud Federation Reference Architecture, 2019 (Draft), Appendix A, Cloud Federation Terms and Definitions.



  • Private Cloud



    Definition: A category of computing services that can be accessed without going through the public Internet and may include both cloud and on-premises resources as well as resources in different physical locations connected by private networks. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021. Services are used exclusively by a single cloud service customer and resources are controlled by that cloud service customer. ISO/IEC 17788: Information technology — Cloud computing — Overview and vocabulary, Section 3.2.32. The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business units). It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises. NIST SP 800-145: The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing

    Broader Concepts: Cloud Deployment Model


  • Public Cloud



    Definition: A category of computing services where cloud processing and storage are accessed via the public Internet. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021. Services are potentially available to any cloud service customer and resources are controlled by the cloud service provider. ISO/IEC 17788: Information technology — Cloud computing — Overview and vocabulary, Section 3.2.33. The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some combination of them. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider. NIST SP 800-145: The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing.

    Broader Concepts: Cloud Deployment Model


  • Registry


    Alternative Labels: MCMA Service Registry, Service Registry

    Definition: A service used to store available service capabilities and job profiles and make them available for discovery by the job processor or external clients. One of the required components of a base environment. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021, based on MCMA documentation. Used for service discovery. This is used internally by the job processor to find services capable of processing jobs, and can also be used by external clients to find other services that handle other types of resources as well. While the service registry currently only exposes capabilities as mappings of endpoints to resource types, it may be extended to support exposing additional capabilities in the future. MCMA Website: https://mcma.io/concepts/, accessed May 2021.

    Broader Concepts: Base Environment

    Narrower Concepts: Job Profile Repository, Service Repository

    Related Concepts: MCMA Service
  • Rule-Based Architecture


    Alternative Labels: Rule-Based System

    Definition: A deterministic architecture where work is automated according to a set of human-stipulated instructions. OSA Vocabulary Group. From the Excel File: A deterministic architecture where work is performed according to a set of stipulated instructions From the Excel File Notes: Originating OSA Specification: Microservice Status Reporting and Logging

    Broader Concepts: Architecture


    Related Concepts: Event-Driven Architecture, Function-as-a-Service
  • Serverless Computing



    Definition: A category of computing services where servers and other resources are provided by a third-party and accessed only as needed. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021. Cloud service category in which the cloud service customer can use different cloud capability types without having to provision, deploy and manage either hardware or software resources, other than providing cloud service customer application code or providing cloud service customer data. ISO/IEC TS 23167:2020, Information technology — Cloud computing — Common technologies and techniques.



    Related Concepts: as-a-Service, Cloud Computing, Function, Function-as-a-Service
  • Service



    Definition: A capability stored within a service registry that is created by a logical grouping of the components — such as microservice(s), function(s), data store(s), and queue(s) — required to complete a given task. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021, based on MCMA documentation and specific to base environments.



    Related Concepts: Base Environment
  • Service Repository


    Alternative Labels: MCMA Service Repository

    Definition: The library of service capabilities available within the service registry of the base environment. The services will contain a reference to any job templates stored within the job profile repository that utilizes them. OSA Working Group, June 2021.

    Broader Concepts: Registry


    Related Concepts: Base Environment, Job Profile Repository
  • Software-as-a-Service

    Acronym: SaaS


    Definition: A category of computing services whereby software applications are hosted by a service provider and typically accessed via standard web browsers. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021. The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through either a thin client interface, such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email), or a program interface. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings. NIST SP 800-145: The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing, 2011.

    Broader Concepts: as-a-Service


  • Status Reporting


    Alternative Labels: Job Status Reporting, MCMA Status Reporting

    Definition: The real-time reporting of the success, failure, or other condition of the job execution within a base environment. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021. From the Excel File: The real-time reporting of the success, failure, or other status of the job execution. Also from the Excel File: Originating OSA Specification: Microservice Status Reporting and Logging

    Broader Concepts: Job Processor


    Related Concepts: Base Environment
  • Tracker


    Alternative Labels: Job Tracker, MCMA Tracker, Transaction Tracker

    Definition: A token, including a unique identifier and a human readable label, assigned to each job within a base environment and used to correlate its execution over all involved components – such as microservices or functions -- as a distributed transaction. OSA Vocabulary Group, June 2021. From the Excel File: A token (including a unique identifier) passed between the microservices involved in the completion of a transaction, allowing their correlation Also from the Excel File: Originating OSA Specification: Microservice Status Reporting and Logging

    Broader Concepts: Job Processor


    Related Concepts: Base Environment, Job
  • Uniform Resource Identifier

    Acronym: URI


    Definition: A compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. IETF RFC 3986: Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax, 2005.



    Related Concepts: URL
  • Zero-Trust Architecture

    Acronym: ZTA


    Definition: A cybersecurity architecture that is based on zero trust principles and designed to prevent data breaches and limit internal lateral movement. NIST SP 800-207, Zero Trust Architecture, 2020

    Broader Concepts: Architecture